What do we mean by diagnostics? 

Veterinary diagnostics refers to the process of identifying diseases, injuries, or conditions in animals through various methods and tests. It involves gathering information, examining the animal, and using a range of diagnostic tools to determine the cause of symptoms or poor health.

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Key Aspects of Veterinary Diagnostics:

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• History Taking:

  • The first step is always taking a detailed history from the owner. This includes information about the horse’s symptoms, behaviour changes, lifestyle, diet, exercise routine and any prior medical conditions or treatments. The history is critical in forming a hypothesis about what may be wrong.

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• Clinical Examination:

  • A physical exam of the animal is the next step, which includes assessing the horse’s overall condition, posture, gait and specific areas of pain or discomfort. This exam may involve checking vital signs like temperature, heart rate, and respiration, as well as palpating joints, muscles, and the body for abnormalities.

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• Movement Observation:

  • Observing the horse’s movement is crucial, especially in cases of poor performance or lameness. This may involve watching the horse walk, trot, and canter to identify any irregularities.

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• Diagnostic Tests: Depending on the initial findings, various diagnostic tests may be used to confirm the condition. These include:

  • Blood tests - To check for signs of infection, inflammation, or organ function.

  • Urine tests - To assess kidney function and detect metabolic conditions.

  • Faecal analysis - To check for parasites or digestive issues.

  • Nerve and Joint Blocks - These are used to pinpoint the exact location of pain or lameness by numbing specific areas of the limb or body.

  • Imaging:

    • Radiography (X-rays): For identifying bone fractures, joint issues, and other structural problems.

    • Ultrasonography (Ultrasound): For examining soft tissues, tendons, ligaments, and muscles.

    • MRI or CT scans (if necessary): These are more advanced imaging techniques that can provide detailed views of both soft and hard tissues and would require referral to a specialist hospital. 

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• Microbiological Tests:

  • In cases of suspected infection, cultures or PCR tests may be used to identify specific pathogens (e.g., bacteria, viruses, or fungi) causing the illness.

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• Endoscopy:

  • A small camera may be inserted into the horse's airways, digestive system, or joints to get a closer look at internal structures. This is particularly helpful in diagnosing respiratory conditions or gastrointestinal problems.

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• Biopsy:

  • In some cases, a tissue sample may be taken for testing, particularly if there is suspicion of cancer or chronic disease.​​

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The Goal of Veterinary Diagnostics:

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The primary goal is to accurately identify the cause of the horse’s symptoms or illness so that an effective treatment plan can be created. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for managing health issues, ensuring the horse receives the right care, and preventing further complications.